
Maxwell McCombs
Framing
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Information that is highlighted to be perceived as important through the use, or exclusion, of language or visuals.
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Click to view article on Framing.
How Framing Works
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"Frames exert power through selective description, and omission, of certain features of a situation." ~Robert Entman
Framing Serves 4 Main Functions
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Define problems
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Diagnose problem causes
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Make moral judgments
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Suggest remedies for problems

4 Locations of Framing
(Callanan, 2012)

1. Communicator: makes judgements about what information should be shared
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2. Text: details in information that guide the receiver's thinking
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3. Receiver: interprets what information should be taken away from a message
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4. Culture: provides common frames of interpretation (Callanan, 2012)
Elements of Framing
(Riddle, 2010)
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Selection: the stories that are shared in the media (Riddle, 2010)
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Emphasis: The primary focus of the story
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Elaboration: the elements used to develop the story
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Exclusion: what stories or aspects are not addressed by the communicator

"Perception "
Varying Frames of Perspective

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Brewer, P. R., & Ley, B. L. (2010). Media Use and Public Perceptions of DNA Evidence. Science Communication, 32(1), 93-117.
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Callanan, V. J. (2012). MEDIA CONSUMPTION, PERCEPTIONS OF CRIME RISK AND FEAR OF CRIME: EXAMINING RACE/ETHNIC DIFFERENCES. Sociological Perspectives, 55(1), 93-115.
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Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication,43(4), 51-58.
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RIDDLE, K. (2010). Always on My Mind: Exploring How Frequent, Recent, and Vivid Television Portrayals Are Used in the Formation of Social Reality Judgments. Media Psychology, 13(2), 155-179.
Example of Framing
(Brewer & Ley, 2010; Callanan, 2012)
The Case of O.J Simpson
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O.J's story became the center of media attention in 1995, after the mysterious murder of his wife Nicole Brown
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Various media outlets emphasized certain elements of the case throughout the duration of the trial (Callanan, 2012)
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Media deemed the case the "Trial of the Century," sparking intrigue from diverse audiences